Requests

Property for Sale in Harare South

61 - 80 of 632 properties
View results on map
Get email alerts
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
4-Bed main ensuite Luxury Townhouse with Unique Features in Arlington, Harare
Elegant, spacious and sophisticated, presenting a remarkable 4-bedroom townhouse with main bed ensuite complex for sale located in the serene environment of Arlington, Harare South, Harare. Nestled on a land area of 365 m² and an expansive building space of 219 m², this property exudes a perfect blend of comfortable living and luxury. This luxurious home comes with 2 well-equipped bathrooms featuring modern fittings, while the 4 generously proportioned bedrooms offer unrivalled comfort. In addition, the townhouse boasts a tastefully fitted kitchen and an expansive verandah that provides a splendid view of the surrounding. One of the salient features of this home is its good ZESA provision, ensuring uninterrupted power supply. Furthermore, its water infrastructural facilities are worth mentioning – a water tank and a municipal water system are readily available. The townhouse i...
Sole Mandate
4 2 219 m²
Prime Land Along Mbudzi Masvingo Highway
Prime Land Along Mbudzi Masvingo Highway
Prime Land Along Mbudzi Masvingo Highway
Prime Land Along Mbudzi Masvingo Highway
Prime Land Along Mbudzi Masvingo Highway
Prime Land Along Mbudzi Masvingo Highway
Seeff is pleased to offer a strategically located piece of land Strategic Location: Situated along the Masvingo highway, after Boka Tobacco Floors, this land offers excellent visibility and accessibility. This is crucial for any commercial or industrial venture. Versatile Use: The land is suitable for a wide range of purposes, including: Warehousing Tobacco floors Other commercial or industrial developments Generous Size: With 3000sqm, there's ample space to bring your vision to life. Secure Investment: The availability of deeds ensures a secure and transparent transaction. Essentially, this property offers a blank canvas for entrepreneurs and businesses looking to establish or expand their operations in a prime location

Prime Land Along Mbudzi Masvingo Highway

Mbudzi, Harare South
3,000 m²
Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.
Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.
Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.
Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.
Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.
Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.
Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.
Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.
Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.
Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.
Clark Properties proudly presents this exceptional industrial property in Graniteside, spanning just under an acre. The property boasts a total floor area of 2230 square meters, thoughtfully designed to support diverse industrial operations. The interior features 12 offices, a 1730 square meter warehouse, 2 storerooms—one equipped with an offloading bay—a kitchen, and 5 toilets for convenience. On the exterior, the property is equipped with a loading bay, four 5000-liter water tanks, a transformer, and a backup generator, ensuring uninterrupted operations. Fully walled, gated, and secured with cameras, this property offers a safe and highly functional environment for your business needs

Prime Industrial Property in Graniteside.

Graniteside, Harare South
2,230 m²
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Discover Modern Real Estate Excellence at PARWIZI ON 183 SMUTS – A Stunning 3-Bedroom Cluster Home i
Experience the pinnacle of contemporary property living in this impeccably designed 3-bedroom cluster home, nestled within a secure, gated community in the sought-after suburb of Prospect, Waterfalls. Perfectly blending modern aesthetics with functional elegance, this real estate gem is ideal for families and investors seeking a high-quality residential project. The open-plan layout seamlessly connects the living, dining, and kitchen areas, adorned with sleek vinyl flooring, while the designer kitchen boasts quartz countertops and premium finishes. With three spacious bedrooms, two luxurious bathrooms, and a guest toilet, this home is a testament to thoughtful property development and refined urban living. Luxury, Security, and Sustainability in One Premier Residential Project This move-in-ready cluster home offers more than just stunning interiors—it’s a secure and energy-...
Hatfield gated Community stands for Sale
Hatfield gated Community stands for Sale
Hatfield gated Community stands for Sale
Hatfield gated Community stands for Sale
Hatfield gated Community stands for Sale
Discover an exceptional opportunity in the heart of Hatfield, Harare South! This prime residential land offering spans 500 m², perfectly suited for your dream home or investment venture. Nestled in a peaceful neighborhood, this stand boasts reliable ZESA electricity, ensuring your home has all the modern conveniences. The property is securely walled, providing peace of mind for you and your family. Enjoy the vibrant community and easy access to local amenities, schools, and parks. Don’t miss out on this chance to invest in a promising area with great potential—your future awaits in Hatfield. Paperwork available, book for a viewing!!!!!

Hatfield gated Community stands for Sale

Hatfield, Harare South
504 m²
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South
Discover luxurious living in this immaculate 3-bedroom, 2-bathroom townhouse complex in the sought-after Arlington neighborhood of Harare South. Spanning 198 m² on a beautifully manicured 340 m² plot, this property beautifully marries comfort and convenience. Each detail, from the fitted kitchen to the tiled floors, has been meticulously curated for a modern lifestyle. The main bedroom boasts an en suite for added privacy, while the spacious verandah and entertainment area are perfect for hosting gatherings. Enjoy seamless connectivity with internet access and peace of mind with a reliable solar system and water tank. The property is walled for security and tranquility, enhanced by a lush garden that offers a serene escape from bustling city life. With municipal water, a sewer system, and paved roads, this home ensures all essential services are at your doorstep. Embrace the harmoniou...

Elegant 3-Bed Townhouse in Arlington, Harare South

Arlington, Harare South
3 2 198 m²
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!
Discover your dream home in the serene townhouse complex of Arlington, Harare South! This exquisite 4-bedroom, 4-bathroom townhouse offers a spacious 256 m² of living space nestled on a generous 400 m² lot. Step into luxury with a fitted kitchen, perfect for culinary enthusiasts, and enjoy the comfort of a main en suite for your privacy. The elegant tiled interiors flow seamlessly into an inviting verandah, enhancing your entertaining experience in the beautifully landscaped garden. Safety and convenience are paramount with an electric gate, electric fence, and 24-hour security, ensuring peace of mind for you and your family. Enjoy modern amenities like a water tank and reliable internet connection, complemented by ample parking space for your vehicles. The complex is well-connected with tarred roads and convenient access to municipal water. With staff quarters for added convenienc...
New

Spacious 4-Bedroom Townhouse Complex in Secure Arlington, Harare!

Arlington, Harare South
4 4 256 m²
Solid house
A solid, small and compact house ideal for both residential and commercial use. Has 3 bedrooms with BICs, bathroom and toilet, lounge dining and a fitted kitchen ( needs to be modernized). Additional s includes a single lock up garage and a 4 roomed cottage. Price is negotiable
New

Solid house

Hillside, Harare South
3 1 300 m²
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Craneborne House For Sale
Cranborne: Solid house with good finishes comprising: 4 bedrooms( mes), 2 bathrooms, guest toilet, open lounge- dining room, kitchen with fitted granite counter tops. Ancillary impressive include cottage with 2 bedrooms, bathroom, Lounge-kitchen, double garage, security wall and gate, title deeds, on 714m2,

Craneborne House For Sale

Cranborne, Harare South
4 1 714 m²
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Neat cluster homes for sale
Nestled in a secure gated complex is this neat family home which comprises 3 bedrooms main with full en-suite bathroom, family bathroom, fitted kitchen, combined lounge and dinning, enclosed verandah, 5000l water tank. The complex boasts of a secure playground and common entertainment area. The entire complex is serviced by communal boreholes and security is onsite. Title deeds available. Do not miss this fantastic investment opportunity!
Reduced

Neat cluster homes for sale

Waterfalls, Harare South
3 2 100 m²
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Charming 3-Bedroom Home with Borehole in Prospect, Harare South
Welcome to your dream home in the heart of Prospect, Harare South! This charming 3-bedroom, 2-bathroom abode elegantly combines comfort and convenience, offering you a serene retreat in one of Harare's most desirable neighborhoods. One of the standout features is the reliable borehole, ensuring you have a steady water supply even in the driest of months. The home’s well-lit interiors, coupled with an efficient layout, create a welcoming ambience for family living. Located in a tranquil yet accessible area, you'll enjoy the perfect balance of city life and suburban peace. Don’t miss the opportunity to own a piece of paradise in Prospect – a truly rare find in today’s market!
3 2 150 m²
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home
Arlington East Luxury Home Location: - Situated in the highly sought-after neighborhood of Arlington East Property Details: - 558sqm property with deeds available - Price: US$255k Accommodation: - 4 spacious bedrooms, each with built-in cupboards for ample storage - Main bedroom en-suite with: - Walk-in closet for convenient storage - Corner bathtub for relaxation - Cabinet washing basin with porcelain wall tiles - Shower cubicle with fixed and awning window for natural ambiance Garage and Parking: - Double lock-up garage with secure parking for two vehicles Living Areas: - Formal lounge with: - Modern TV unit for entertainment - Open-plan design flowing into the kitchen - Kitchen: - Top-notch finishes with granite countertops - Separate scullery for convenient meal preparation Bathroom: - Combined bathroom and toilet ...
Reduced

Arlington East Luxury Home

Arlington, Harare South
4 3 200 m²
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
House for sale in Hillside
Set on a generous 3,294 square meter stand, this solid family home offers space, functionality, and the opportunity to add your personal touch. Main House Features: Three bedrooms, including a master with en-suite bathroom Shared family bathroom serving the additional two bedrooms Bright lounge that opens onto a veranda, overlooking the sloping garden Separate dining room ideal for gatherings and everyday meals Fitted kitchen with ample storage space Storeroom for extra utility Single lock-up garage Additional Features: One-bedroom staff quarters with private bathroom 5,000-litre water tank for reliable water storage City council water connection Fully walled and gated for privacy and security Sloped terrain offering landscaping or expansion perfect for buyers looking to invest in a home they can personalize and upgrade over time. Whether youre a family looking fo...
Sole Mandate

House for sale in Hillside

Hillside, Harare South
3 2 125 m²
Mainway Meadows House For Sale
Mainway Meadows House For Sale
Mainway Meadows House For Sale
Mainway Meadows House For Sale
Mainway Meadows House For Sale
Mainway Meadows House For Sale
Waterfalls mainway house Ceries road 90% complete 470 sqm 5 bedrooms main ensuite and walkin closet + Garage turned into 6th bedroom Common bath and toilet Open plan dining and lounge Spacious kitchen Zesa connected Cession

Mainway Meadows House For Sale

Mainway Meadows, Harare South
5 2 470 m²
Indrustrial Warehouse for sale
Indrustrial Warehouse for sale
Indrustrial Warehouse for sale
Indrustrial Warehouse for sale
Indrustrial Warehouse for sale
Indrustrial Warehouse for sale
Indrustrial Warehouse for sale
Indrustrial Warehouse for sale
Indrustrial Warehouse for sale
Indrustrial Warehouse for sale
Industrial Property for Sale in Graniteside, Harare Location: Graniteside, Harare, Zimbabwe (close to Seke Road) Property Type: Modern Industrial Property Price $2m Paperwork ??Deeds Features: - 12 spacious offices - ?Double Storey Ground Floor - Main Workshop Area ?with connected Gantry - ?Workshop Bay and Workshop Office - ?Kitchen for workshop with a double basin Sink - ?Horse Rill fire equipment - Sufficient parking space for staff and visitors - ?Storerooms x2 - Ideal for mining companies and light-weight industries - Modern architecture and finishes - Excellent security features 1St Floor 8 Offices with tiles and Ceiling *Main Office ensuite with toilet and shower and a Private Balcony neatly designed with a curved aluminium baffle ceiling with a unique Wood Look *Reception with Ample space and a strong room * Ladies and Gents toilet *B...

Indrustrial Warehouse for sale

Graniteside, Harare South
1,847 m²
Follow us on Social Media
Sound Investment 5.8 Acres
Sound Investment 5.8 Acres
Sound Investment 5.8 Acres
Sound Investment 5.8 Acres
Sound Investment 5.8 Acres
Sound Investment 5.8 Acres
Sound Investment 5.8 Acres
SOLE MANDATE - Up and coming area. Easy access to Chiremba Road. Large shopping mall 3kms from the property. 5.8 acres of flat land. House 2 bedrooms, lounge dining and kitchen. Fully walled. Two prolific boreholes. Suitable for cluster development,

Sound Investment 5.8 Acres

Nirvana Road, Hatfield, Harare South
23,472 m²
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway meadow house for sale
Mainway Meadows House for Sale *Key Features:* - 90% complete house - 4 bedrooms - Separate office - Double locker room - Upstairs garage - Entrance hall - Dining room - Kitchen - Lounge *Property Details:* - 800sqm stand - Title deeds available *Asking Price:* - $80,000 USD negotiable *Contact Information:*9 This property offers a great opportunity to own a nearly completed house in a desirable location. With its spacious layout and separate office, it's perfect for families or professionals looking for a comfortable and functional home.

Mainway meadow house for sale

Mainway Meadows, Harare South
5 450 m²
Northway - Prospect gated community stands for sale
Northway - Prospect gated community stands for sale
Northway - Prospect gated community stands for sale
Northway - Prospect gated community stands for sale
Northway - Prospect gated community stands for sale
Gated community stands are up for sale in a currently being developed area of Prospect- Waterfalls along Northway. The stands measure 500 Sqm each and are in a very secure and beautiful neighborhood not far from town. The development is less than 9km from the City Centre. The development is guided by standard plans which are to be adhered to. We are taking terms of 50% deposit and balance over 6 months.
Sole Mandate

Northway - Prospect gated community stands for sale

Northway Road, Waterfalls, Harare South
500 m²
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare
Located along the busy Seke Road in Hatfield, this versatile property is an exceptional opportunity priced at $370,000. Sitting on a generous 4,047m² plot with dual road frontages, it features a 3-bedroom main house (main en-suite), two lounges, a fitted kitchen, a bar, a 1-bedroom flatlet, and additional 1-bedroom staff quarters. With its strategic position and layout, the property is ideal for commercial or light industrial use.

Expansive 3-Bedroom Home on 4047 m² in Hatfield, Harare

Hatfield, Harare South
3 4,047 m²
Prime House +  Land Package  In Chadcombe
A fabulous opportunity to secure these two properties side by side creating a large plot of over 10 000m2; perfect for development or for those seeking solitude, and secure space. One plot has a 3 bedroomed house, with 1 bathroom and fitted kitchen. The adjacent plot is flat vacant bushland - a perfect blank canvas for anyone looking to create their dream home or to invest in a development in Harare South. Close to main arteries the plots are well located just off Chiremba road and close to service stations, and shopping centres. There is also option to purchase the plots seperately - the link below is for the stand with the house Call Donna today to arrange a viewing

Prime House + Land Package In Chadcombe

Chadcombe, Harare South
10,039 m²

Property alerts

Be the first to see new properties for sale in Harare South
Get email alerts
Magazine Jan-Apr 2025 | Read now
Neighborhood insights
Harare South
View historical prices, reviews, and more
Join our community

Important Features

Property Type

Suburbs in Harare South

Price statistics

The average price of property for sale in Harare South is $130,000
Explore historical price trends

Articles relating to Property for Sale in Harare South

Understanding Agreement of Sale in Zimbabwe: A Must-Know Guide for Property Buyers and Sellers

The Agreement of Sale is your property transaction's legal backbone in Zimbabwe, outlining terms and protecting both parties. Always have a registered legal

Tips for Negotiating Property Prices: Get the Best Deal Without Overpaying

Master property price negotiation! Research market trends, start offers realistically, and leverage property flaws to your advantage. Get pre-approved financing

Avoid Regret: Research Before You Buy Property

Thorough research is crucial when buying property in Zimbabwe to avoid costly mistakes. Understand market trends, verify ownership and legal documents, and

Should You Buy to Rent in Harare or Bulawayo? A Smart Investor’s Guide

Thinking of buy-to-rent in Zimbabwe? Harare offers higher rents and diverse tenants but at higher entry costs and more volatility. Bulawayo provides lower entry

What Is Title Insurance and Should You Get It? A Complete Guide for Property Buyers

Buying property in Zimbabwe? Title insurance is your secret weapon! It protects against hidden defects like fraud, unknown heirs, or unpaid taxes, a crucial